The question in the case is whether it violates the First Amendment free-speech rights of employees who choose not to join a union to require them to pay a fee in lieu of full dues. As explained and authorized by the 1977 Supreme Court precedent that the court is now about to overturn, the fee is supposed to spare objecting employees from having to support the union’s political activities, while charging them for so-called chargeable expenses, the union’s cost of conducting the collective bargaining that under federal labor law goes to the benefit of all employees, whether they support the union or not. The theory behind what’s known as the agency fee is that labor peace would be threatened by a workplace full of free-riders who enjoy the benefits bargained for and paid for by others.